There are many rules around the world. For instance,...

There are many rules around the world. For instance, children under the age of 20 cannot drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes in Japan. When it comes to driving, children are forbidden to drive a car. These actions forbid children under the law. Young people are not allowed to behave like adults because children’ s brains have not yet developed enough compared to adults. How about the restriction of entertainment, such as movies. In Japan, children under the age of 18 are prohibited from watching pornographic films and violence films at a movie theater because it is considered that watching these images influences childrens brains. However, the situation of violent video games are completely different because the age does not matter at all.†¦show more content†¦Based on these factors, there should be a law prohibiting children under the age of 18 from playing violent video games. Children are addicted to violent video games, and children play them all the time, so it will have a great influence on their health. Unlike other usual games, violent video games have some unique characteristics. First, there is the excitement. Children always have to obey their parents;for example, parents tell them how long they study and when they go to bed. However, once children start playing games, they can take control of everything in the game. As a result, they can decide where to go and how many enemies they want to kill. Unlike R rated-films, children actually take on a main character in a game, not just watching movies,so the unrealistic ability to control the game world makes children get excited. In addition to this characteristic, most of all violent video games have no ends. The most addicted games have no exact goals in games, this makes children play them eternally. Thus, they will never be bored with the games,and naturally enough , they enjoy playing them all the time. As a result of children’s game addictions, children tend to be in a unhealth condition. For example, children have a problem with their eyesight. Since children’s eyes are very sensitive, playing too much games makes their eyes excessively dry. Also, lake of sleep is another big problem. Because of long hours of playing games, children do notShow MoreRelatedVitasoy – Sparkling Soy Milk3500 Words   |  14 Pageshe began to sell his Soya bean milk from delivery in fresh to customers’ homes on bicycle, expanded his business to retail outlets after the World War. Nowadays, VITASOY group’s products sell in over 40 markets around the world and become the international organization which is standards in quality and innovative products. Vitasoy’s key product is soybean drink and tofu, which is nutritious and high-protein healthy for people. 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Tips to help develop speech communication in a child Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….. 22 Conclusion Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….. 24 Bibliography Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…. 25 INTRODUCTION Children s acquisition of language has long been considered one of the uniquely defining characteristics of human behaviour. Still today, it is the commonly held belief that children acquireRead MoreEssay on Hate Groups on the Internet3671 Words   |  15 Pageswho maintain websites that are accessed by thousands. Now that we have defined what a hate group is made up of, we must further look at what hateful material consists of. Simple opinions of people do not necessarily constitute hate. You can for instance, have a web site stating that you â€Å"hate† a certain music group and this would not necessarily be considered hateful content, because you are allowed to express your opinion of the music that they are making. 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Constructed in 1949, on a newly acquired 25-acre plot in Southie’s â€Å"Lower End†, West Broadway Housing Development was to serve as temporary housing for veterans of the World Wars. By the early 1970s, however, the development would be 972 apartments for low-income families, and would be known as the â€Å"worst type of lower-class welfare housing.† Built on South Boston’s solid, naturally formed land, as opposed to the neighborhood’s

The Dependence On Futility An Analysis Of Brett Ashley

Shivani Kapur Mrs. Moore AP English V 18 December 2014 The Dependence on Futility: An Analysis of Brett Ashley In The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway employs metafiction to reveal the nature of World War One and its effect on individual ideals. Narrating the novel from the first person perspective of the protagonist, Jake Barnes, Hemingway clearly contrasts between fiction and reality. Although the reader has a limited perspective on the events in the novel, the lack of emotional connection between the characters becomes evident and expresses the underlying concept behind the â€Å"lost generation.† Brett, a female character in the novel, plays a significant role due to her almost overarching presence over the men. Utilizing his iceberg theory, Hemingway gives the reader a surface view of Brett and leaves the rest up to interpretation. However, it is evident that Hemingway uses the character of Brett in order to emphasize the futile nature of the pursuits of the â€Å"lost generation.† Paradox lies at the heart of The Sun Also Rises. The novel begins with a two-part epigraph that essentially contradicts itself and the meaning of the â€Å"lost generation.† The â€Å"lost generation† characterized individuals who lived through World War One and during the time of the war spent their time working, fighting, or dying. At the conclusion of the war, these individuals returned to reality and realized that the prewar ideals they once had, including values such as love, courage, and security in one’s

Behavioral Misuse Of Antibiotics Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Background: self medicine with antibiotics is devouring drugs to handle self diagnosed infection without confer withing doctors which is broad spread abuse of antibiotics in developing states. Purpose: this survey purpose to measure the prevalence of behavioural abuse of antibiotics by self medicine among wellness professional pupils in J.U. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Misuse Of Antibiotics Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now S.T, and to measure the association between ego aa‚ ¬ † medicine and doing factors. Design: across-sectional design will utilize. Method: random sample of 400 pupils in J.U.S.T university, selected from 4th twelvemonth degree in modules of ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, and nursing ) , validated questionnaire will used to roll up informations, pilot survey sample ( 40 pupils ) , informations analysis through statistical bundle of societal scientific discipline ( SPSS ) . Decision: the determination will supply of import informations about prevalence of abuse of medicine among the four groups ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, nurse ) , which will be of import in understanding the wellness load of the development of antibacterial opposition. Introduction A important addition in the mortality and morbidity rate of antecedently treatable infections disease due to the outgrowth of opposition among infective and common bacterium. This turning opposition to antibiotics represents a planetary menace to human sort. The major job of antibiotics self medicine is the outgrowth of opposition which means the effectivity of antibiotics will worsen and therefore infections turned to be more hard and really expensive to handle and epidemics become harder to command ( WHO report, 2005 ) ( reka bisht, 2009 ) . Further, other serious side consequence may develop like harm to some critical organ like kidney and liver, and devastation of normal vegetations in the organic structure. The purpose of this survey is to look into the prevalence of behavioural abuse of antibiotics by self medicine without prescription and its part to antibacterial opposition among wellness professional pupils at J.U.S.T University, and compare the consequence with similar surveies. In Jordan, no much behavioral based survey was conducted. One of these survey conducted by Al-Bakri et Al ( 2005 ) to measure beginnings, form and rightness of antibacterial drugs ingestion within the Jordanian population? ? ? ? ? All other surveies carried in Jordan were based on community, wellness establishment, or infirmary scene Literature reappraisal The old surveies defined self medicine as consuming of drugs without reding from their doctors or use of any medicine for ego intervention without audience of wellness attention professions ( sharrif, 2011 ) . In measuring the behaviour of ego antibiotics medicine and the factors influencing, other survey in Jordan concludes that inappropriate ego medicine antibiotics appears to be common among Jordanian, meaning the demand for carefully designed antibiotics educational runs to stress the utilizations and restriction of these medicine, and to do general public consciousness to the negative consequence, this run should be include all Jordanian ( Sawair, Baqain, Abu Karaky, A ; Abu Eid, 2009 ) .. Self medicine is a common job worldwide, antibiotic opposition is quickly increasing job and the underdeveloped states like, Iran, Sudan, Jordan, Pakistan are sing many facet of in appropriate usage of medicines in their wellness attention installations ( Sawalha, 2008 ) . Study design A cross-sectional survey will be conducted to look into the magnitude of antibiotic abuse and to measure the most likely causation factors act uponing this behaviour among wellness professional pupils in ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, and nursing ) . This descriptive exploratory survey will be performed utilizing a self-administered questionnaire. Population and sample A convenient random choice of 400 pupils will be performed to transport out the survey. The sample choice will be will be from all pupils in 4th specializer to be chosen every other pupil. This indiscriminately selected sample is considered homogeneous with regard to their age ( 4th twelvemonth degree pupils ) , educational degree, and wellness professions. Data will be collected from the pupils during their presence in their regular categories at the beginning of the 2nd semester in 2013. A entire figure of 400 questionnaires will be distributed on pupils in 4th specializer. Puting The survey will be conducted in an academic based puting on 4th twelvemonth degree pupils of the 4th wellness co-workers ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, and nursing ) at Jordan university of scientific discipline and engineering. Data aggregation A pre-designed structured questionnaire in Arabic linguistic communication will be used to roll up the information on ego medicine with antibiotic from the survey population. The questionnaire will be pre-tested on a little pilot population ( 40 pupils ) , from every specializer to find the diction and format of the questionnaire, completeness of response, the clip needed to finish the signifier. After that the questionnaire will be modified consequently. University administrative blessing will be obtained ( IRB ) to ease the distribution of the questionnaire. At the beginning of the questionnaire, the intent of the survey will be explained and so the pupils will be asked to reply all inquiries. Consequently, demographic informations such as name, age, gender, reference, and forte co-worker will be followed. The questionnaire will dwell of structured unfastened and closed terminal inquiries and multiple response inquiries, the informations will be classified into point, which in bend will be given codifications used for intent of computing machine informations entry. The questionnaire will distributed to pupils at the terminal of their talk after informing and obtaining consent of the teaching staff and so collected after completion clip ( the clip will find related to fly survey ) . The response rate will be 100 % . Statistical analysis Data will be analyzed by utilizing SPSS, descriptive analysis will be conducted. Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics will be reported as per centum. Categorical information will be presented as frequence of happening and will be analyzed by chi-square trial. Continuous informations will be presented as mean and standard divergence and will be analyzed by pupil t-test. The P value of less than 0.05 was considered important at the 0.05 degree. Restriction First, our topic will be drawn from health-professional pupils instead than other specializer. Second, the age distribution of the sample population will be different from the age distribution from general distribution of Jordan. Further surveies are needed to affect wider scope of ages to find the magnitude of self-medication abuse of antibiotics in the general population. Third, this is a retrospective survey, some prejudice might go on when the pupil have to retrieve how many times, continuance of intervention, besides should retrieve the name of antibiotics have been taken in old 12 months. Fourth, the questionnaire will be administered to pupils during their presence in their regular category. So, pupils may impact each other ‘s replies to inquiry, in malice of research worker ‘s instructions. What are anticipating to happen out is: Antibiotics self medicine without prescription is extremely prevalence among wellness professional pupils. Uncontrolled purchase of antibiotics from pharmaceuticss ( over the counter ) without prescription, and handiness of antibiotics at place ( remnant ) are the most common beginning of self medicine. Upper respiratory piece of land infection is the major wellness jobs reported to be treated by antibiotics self-medication. The fiscal factors play a function in choosing the type and the sum of antibiotics by self medicine individual. How to cite Behavioral Misuse Of Antibiotics Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Charlie Chaplin free essay sample

During the time, Jazz was starting to be played, and the radio had been invented. Also, silent movies were being created. One person that was creating fantastic silent movies was Charlie Chaplin. Charlie Chaplin is an actor, producer, and director that has changed the way of movie production through his challenging ideas and use of interesting angles. Chaplins ideas were very interesting and gained many viewers from around the globe. But in order to get there, he had to work hard, and deal with plenty of problems that got on his way. Thus, Chaplin is an outgoing actor, director, and producer who was fearless in his filmmaking; he impacted history because he changed the ways of filmmaking through his creative and edgy ideas. Charles Chaplin’s entrance into acting was made difficult due to Mack Sennett, although the amount of money offered was a perk. It all started in 1908, when Prosperous Karno gave Charlie an audition for physical comedy. We will write a custom essay sample on Charlie Chaplin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Karno taught Charles everything he needed to know about physical comedy (Coletta). By 1910, Charles was working for Karno as a comedian making $75 a week. While Charles was on his second tour in 1912, Mack Sennett liked his performance, and offered Charles a one year contract of $150 a week. He happily accepted the offer knowing he was going to make double the money (Giannetti 81). After a couple of days, Charles realized that he had made a horrible mistake signing that contract. â€Å"Sennett dissipated one’s personality I knew that nothing transcended personality† says Charles (Giannetti 82). Mack Sennett’s directorial style was hard for Charles to deal with because to an actor personality was everything, but to Sennett, an actor’s personality was nothing to him. So, Charles convinced Sennett to let him direct and edit his own movies. It took a while, but eventually Sennett was convinced. Charles created an original character named the Tramp, â€Å"an accident-prone do-gooder, at once innocent and jauntily swinging his trademark cane as he defied the auguries of a hostile world. The Little Tramp made his first brief appearance in ‘Kid Auto Races at Venice’(Coletta). † It was a big success; people loved Charles’s movies. Chaplin’s self-directed films were so popular that in 1915, Essanay Studios offered Chaplin a one year contract at $1250 a week. He accepted this offer and began to work a tremendous amount. â€Å"In his year at Essanay he produced fifteen films, most of them two-reelers† (Giannetti 84). In 1916, â€Å"Chaplin signed a one-year contract with Mutual. He was now the most popular box office attraction in the world, commanding a salary of $10,000 a week, plus a bonus of $150,000. † During the year with Mutual, He created â€Å"Easy Street† and â€Å"The Immigrant† (Giannetti 85). Charles was beginning to get noticed by huge movie industries that in 1917, he signed a contract with the â€Å"First National Films† and was paid $1 million. With First National, Charlie had his own studio constructed, making subsequent movies (Giannetti 87-88). By then, he was already one of the biggest stars in the movie industry thanks to the tramp. Charles made many popular films during the 20th century. One of his first famous films is â€Å"The Gold Rush† in 1925. â€Å"The Gold Rush† was his highlights of his career. â€Å"It featured the Tramp in a complete film, portraying his adventures as a gold prospector in Alaska. New York Times referred [this film] as the outstanding gem of all Chaplin’s picture’s. †Critics believed it to be one of the funniest and saddest film of all comedies (â€Å"Chaplin produces his masterpiece The Gold Rush, June 26, 1925†). This was a big success because the Tramp(which everyone loves) was featured in a full movie, other than just episodes. His other masterpiece was â€Å"The City Lights† made in 1931. It was a] beautifully lyrical, depression tale about the tramp’s friendship with a drunken millionaire and a blind flower girl [which was considered by many critics the] greatest piece of acting and the highest moment in the movies (â€Å"Charles Spencer Chaplin†). † By the given information, Charles is doing an excellent job in the movie industry because of his acting and humorous scripts. In 1940, Charles finally made his first film with sound called â€Å"The Great Dictator† (Coletta). This film was his last masterpiece until his political views stir trouble. It stirred trouble because of a film that he released entitled, â€Å"Monsieur Verdoux† (â€Å"Charles Spencer Chaplin†). Chaplin used his films to communicate his political ideas. For example, â€Å"Chaplin always hated dictatorship, which made him politically suspect during the early days of the Cold War. This was compounded when he released the film, ‘Monsieur Verdoux. ’ [which was made in 1947] † This film had mass murder and capitalistic exploitation. Many of the viewers found this film to be disturbing due to the murdering of women (â€Å"Charles Spencer Chaplin†). That same year, he was a victim of a damaging paternity suit brought by starlet Joan Barry. Thus, â€Å"In a bizarre judgement, based on a forensic evidence, the court found in his favor but nonetheless ordered him to pay child support, and that year he received a subpoena from the HUAC, beginning the political victimization that finally drove him from America† (Coletta). Chaplin was not allowed to reenter the United States because he was not an American Citizen; he was a British Citizen (Georgakas). Therefore, he settled in Switzerland with his new wife, Oona, and raised 8 children. He stayed in Switzerland because he was disgusted with the United States that they did not let him re enter the country. 20 years later, Charles was invited back to recieve a special Oscar at the Academy Awards (Giannetti 98). In 1977, Christmas morning, Charles died in his sleep at age 88. His body was buried in Switzerland (Giannetti 98). Overall, Chaplin’s personal Charles had a huge impact on the movie industries. For example, â€Å"Chaplin’s influence on other comic artists has been enormous, not only in the American cinema, with such gifted comedians from Harry Langdon to Woody Allen, but also in Europe and elsewhere. In Italy, Federico fellini and Vittorio De Sica both admitted a major indebtedness, and in France, Rene Clair, Jean Vigo, and Francois Truffaut were obviously influenced by Chaplin’s bitter-sweet comedy (Giannetti 98). †The Tramp was the most inspiring idea due to that fact that it was an original character created by Charles. That saying, Charles made history, and helped many directors and actors. For example, â€Å"Some of the finest comic actors have been described as ‘Chaplinesque,’ including Giulietta Masina, Jean-Pierre Leaud, and Giancarlo Giannini. In his famous essay, â€Å"Comedy’s Greatest Era,† perhaps James Agee best summed up Chaplin’s achievement (Giannetti 99). † He explained some of Charlie’s best work, and how Charlie became famous. Last, in 1992, a film about Charless life entitled â€Å"Chaplin† was released to the public, showing them from his start, to his end (â€Å"Charles Spencer Chaplin†). In conclusion, Chaplin’s impact can be characterized by his impact on the movie industry and production. As shown, Chaplin is an outgoing actor, director, and producer who was fearless in his filmmaking; he impacted history by changing the ways of filmmaking through his creative and edgy ideas. As shown, Charles Chaplin was a fantastic actor that had to take many rough courses to finally get to where he wanted to be. He did indeed succeed on getting popular, and even changing the ways of acting and producing. Charles made a huge impact to many of the famous actors and producers of the 1900’s. As of right now, technology has extremely advanced, and left some of Charlie’s strategies behind, but he will always be known to be one of the famous actors to successfully succeed, and create history. Charlie Chaplin free essay sample They were shown with piano or organ accompaniment, sound effects, and subtitles. Comedy was the most popular type of movies during this time of films. The humor in these films were very slapstick-meaning people thought it was funny when someone fell on a banana peel or got a custard pie in the face. Buster Keating, Laurel Hardy, and Charlie Chaplin were some famous comedians. Many Canadians regularly attended one of the 900 movie theaters across Canada. Mary Pickoffs was a famous actress in the sass.Mary Pickoffs was a legendary silent film actress and was known as Americas sweetheart. She was a founder of United Artists and helped establish the Academy. Mary Pickoffs was born on April 8, 1892, in Toronto. In 1909, she appeared in 40 movies for D. W. Griffith American Biography company. She also worked as a producer and co-founded United Artists, with Charlie Chaplin, and Douglas Fairbanks, Sir. , who would become her second husband. We will write a custom essay sample on Charlie Chaplin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pickoffs retired from the screen In 1933 but continued to produce.She died In 1979. Sports Canadian sport In the sass was booming. People followed famous players Like Babe Ruth In baseball, Bobby Jones In golf and Howe Moreno In hockey. Medal really helped sports In Canada. Newspapers remoter all sporting events and magazines such as Manacles used sports articles. Radio and film started to use sports too. Baseball was the most popular summer sport In Canada. Every community had a baseball diamond and a team. The National Hockey League was established In 1917. There were only 5 teams, two In Montreal, one In Toronto, one In Ottawa and one In Quebec City. Professional hockey was becoming popular south of the border, but most hockey players were still Canadian. Music and Dancing Jazz was the music of the sass. Arlington with musicians In New Orleans. This style of music spread across the united States and North Canada. Some of the famous Jazz musicians were Louis Armstrong, Jelly Roll Morton, and Duke Longtime. Jazz music evolved through the decade. Soon there were genres of the music Like the blues and swing.Jazz music encouraged daring and energetic dances one of the most popular dances was called the Charleston. The Image above Is some people doing the Charleston. Entertainment In The sass By bioinformatics Entertainment in the sass By Joshua Abandons from the screen in 1933 but continued to produce. She died in 1979. Canadian sport in the sass was booming. People followed famous players like Babe Ruth in baseball, Bobby Jones in golf and Howe Moreno in hockey. Media really helped sports in Canada. Newspapers sport in Canada.Every community had a baseball diamond and a team. The National Hockey League was established in 1917. There were only 5 teams, two in Montreal, one in Toronto, one in Ottawa and one in Quebec City. Professional hockey was Jazz was the music of the sass. Originating with musicians in New Orleans. This style of music spread across the United States and North Canada. Some of the Jazz music evolved through the decade. Soon there were genres of the music like the of the most popular dances was called the Charleston.

Stained Glass in Gothic Cathedrals free essay sample

Religious significance, features, colors, content (Biblical stories), cost, in 12th-13th Cent. The purpose of building Gothic cathedrals was to build a temple worthy of God. In the twelfth century, bishops became independent of the secular power and took their destiny, and that of the Church, into their own hands. The growing power and prestige of the bishops combined with the architectural development of the flying buttress and rib vaulting enabled the building of the great Gothic Cathedrals. Stained glass work attained its epiphany in the windows of these Gothic cathedrals. The stained glass windows constructed during the thirteenth century are considered some of the finest examples of this art

3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation

3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation 3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation 3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation By Mark Nichol When and where to use a single hyphen is perplexing enough for many writers, but when two or more are required, or one of the terms to be connected with a hyphen consists of more than one word, confusion is rampant. Here are several sentences that illustrate various problems with hyphenation of complex elements. 1. The Medal of Honor winning Navy SEAL described the rescue. Here, the noun to be modified is the noun phrase â€Å"Navy SEAL,† and the adjectival phrase is â€Å"Medal of Honor winning.† There should be a hyphen there somewhere, you think, but where? And because â€Å"Medal of Honor† consists of more than one word, shouldn’t multiple hyphens be deployed? In this case, because that phrase represents a single concept, only one punctuation mark is required to attach it to the adjective winning, but it’s not a hyphen. Here, use an en dash, a superhyphen of sorts: â€Å"The Medal of Honor–winning Navy SEAL described the rescue.† The distinction is obscure, but that’s the right way to do it. Alternatively, relax the syntax of the sentence so that neither a hyphen nor a â€Å"superhyphen† is required: â€Å"The Navy SEAL, who won a Medal of Honor, described the rescue.† 2. What made him leave his comfortable, high-paying position as head of an Asia Pacific-wide sales team? In this sentence, â€Å"high-paying† is correctly hyphenated to modify position, but is â€Å"Asia Pacific-wide† the correct style for the phrasal adjective modifying â€Å"sales team†? In the previous example, I stated that an en dash replaces a hyphen when one of the terms to be connected consists of more than one word. But there’s a complication here. â€Å"Asia-Pacific† is the label for a region of the world (though its parameters are imprecise). Because the hyphen comes along with the phrase, in this instance, the reference should be hyphenated as shown here: â€Å"What made him leave his comfortable, high-paying position as head of an Asia-Pacific-wide sales team?† 3. With a quarter billion dollar industry possible, there is a real possibility of supporting the community in a new manner. The phrase â€Å"quarter billion dollar industry† includes a phrasal adjective followed by a noun, so at least one hyphen is required. But the three words in the complex phrasal adjective â€Å"quarter billion dollar† should be connected: â€Å"With a quarter-billion-dollar industry possible, there is a real possibility of supporting the community in a new manner.† But what if the value is represented with a dollar sign and a numeral? The phrasal adjective â€Å"$250 million† is considered a single element, just like â€Å"Medal of Honor† in â€Å"Medal of Honor winner.† â€Å"Medal of Honor† requires no hyphenation, and neither does â€Å"$250 million†: â€Å"With a $250 million industry possible, there is a real possibility of supporting the community in a new manner.† On a related note, multi-million has a superfluous hyphen; it should be multimillion (which is never used in isolation- it’s always part of a phrasal adjective), so avoid constructions such as â€Å"multi-million dollar damages,† which erroneously refers to dollar damages of a multi-million nature, or â€Å"multi-million-dollar damages,† which correctly inserts a hyphen before dollar but retains the extraneous previous one. The correct treatment is â€Å"multimillion-dollar damages,† which correctly describes damages costing multiple millions of dollars to remedy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?Loan, Lend, Loaned, LentWords That Begin with Q

The Future of IT and Paradigm Shift Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Future of IT and Paradigm Shift - Term Paper Example In fact, the majority of business organizations have started marketing and advertisement of their products and services to customers by means of broadcasting media. On the other hand, the customers are now seen as the receivers of products who can actively respond with regards to promotion, segmentation, and distribution. In addition, through a potential increase in the division of labor, interest of businesses as well as protecting distribution channels, the trade with customers is frequently indirect as well as monetized, and it has only happened due to the ever-increasing adoption of new technology-based platforms and arrangements. It is an admitted fact that because of growing complexities and competitiveness of these days’ business environment, the focus is shifting from the producer to the consumer and offering them a great deal more improved services. In this scenario, the information technology is playing a significant role and helps the business organizations in achie ving these goals (Korhonen, 2010; Norton, 2001; Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). This paper will discuss the role of information technology in today’s business environment. ... According to their viewpoint, effective and supportive technology based shifts are essential for the reason that significant transformations in veracity demand a shift in conceptualization. For instance, when the 20th century began the demonstration of science started to increase problems those were not simply explained by Newtonian physics. In order to resolve this issue, a new paradigm is known as â€Å"Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity† appeared as a novel and more wide-ranging theory and structure to clarify the new certainties. Additionally, the idea of a paradigm shift was initially initiated by a philosopher and science historian Thomas Kuhn through his book, which was published in 1962 (Tapscott & Caston, 1994; EIE, 2003; Somani & Kher, 2006). In addition, similar to a new enterprise of the venture, the new technology paradigm also demands variations. Same as an innovative enterprise it is open as well as networked. Additionally, it works approximately similar to people do, as it pays no attention to boundaries between text, data, voice and image and works like a bridge between team members in a team-oriented company. Also, it smudged walls among enterprises by allowing them to effectively communicate with outside associations. The most important advantage of this technology shift is that it has developed to the point where it is easily accessible and reasonably priced. In view of the fact the longer a business organization waits to decide and implement a change the more, it has to spend, no matter in the short term.

Vision Change Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vision Change Analysis - Research Paper Example The vision and mission of firms are intrinsic part of its strategic planning. Organizational vision is very important because it informs about the future perspectives of the organization and its future position in the industry. The organizational mission helps formulate the processes to achieve its vision. Application of vision concept to the strategic change initiatives is imperative because it helps to adopt proactive measure to meet the challenges of changing times. Application analysis The case study of Mentor Graphics Corporation clearly displays the need to adopt strategic change initiatives within the broader context of its vision. The company repeatedly changed its vision that it had developed for its future in 10 years’ time. Its initial vision that ‘it would build something that people would buy’ was quickly changed to ‘beat Daisy’ which had fast emerged as its rival in the industry. While the new vision was able to help the company in incre asing its revenue but unfortunately the company was deprived of its creative inputs and had stagnated growth. The company again adopted new vision under ‘six boxes’ that would help it to diversify and gain market leadership in six different areas of business.

LinkedIn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

LinkedIn - Essay Example The net growth of net income is different from net revenue. The interaction between costs and the net revenue results into the net income. In 2014, the company received the highest income but the costs incurred increased considerably, and the level of income decreased thus causing losses. In the year 2010, there was an exemplary growth in the income accrued as a result of the vast growth of income and the costs were slightly minute. The prices increased in 2014 by a significant and substantial percentage since the company had to incur enormous sale costs in an effort to make more sales. The company was growing significantly fast. Consequently, the administration costs increased. Sales, marketing and product development costs mark the most significant costs of the company. The sales and marketing costs help the company are incurred when the company seeks to publicize the product thus improving sales. The costs include promotional costs like commission paid to salespersons and delivery costs. The product development costs are incurred when updating the features of the existing product to make it more appealing to the customers. This increases the likelihood of the customers to buy the product. The product development facilitates the necessary growth of the company (Sherman 67). In 2014, LinkedIn members could be classified according to the countries where LinkedIn has established its operations. Such countries include USA, China, Mexico, United Kingdom and many other countries. In the previous years, the number of members was only substantial in USA and very few in other Nations. The insignificant number of members outside USA made it difficult to estimate the number of members in each

Definition Of Physical Fitness Physical Education Essay

Definition Of Physical Fitness Physical Education Essay Health related physical fitness can be defines a set of measurement of physiological characteristic and physical level that associate with premature of non-communicable disease that is associates with sedentary life behavior (Vanhees et al. 2005). There are two component of physical fitness which is, health related fitness and skill related fitness. Health related fitness is composed by aerobic fitness, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility and body composition (Huang, 2002), while skill related fitness associate with agility, balance, power, static strength and coordination (Miller et al. 2008).Even thought skill related fitness is not importance as health related fitness but skill related fitness is importance to athlete and military. Physical fitness are influence by many factor such as, age, gender, body mass index or body type and as well as level of physical activity, therefore each individual need to maintained physical fitness level in order to cope with daily activity a nd stay healthy. According to Chung (2008), physical fitness level of school children are being influence by physical education and physical activity. Each individual need to retain at least basic physical fitness prior to sense the benefit of adequate fitness. Recently research has showed that more children are getting fat and less fit and more prone to expose to chronic diseases. It is importance to keep in mind that maintaining physical fit in early age can contribute to decreases risk mortality and morbidity from chronic diseases (Malton, 2006). Non communicable diseases (NCDs) such as, overweight, obese, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and related condition are the major health burden to this country (Zainal Ariffn, 2012). Alarmingly, a non-communicable disease in Malaysia, prevalent among children has increase rapidly past few decades (NMM, 2012) and it will continue to be rising (Tee, 2012). One of the major causes lead to this rising is, sedentary life behavior that lead to low physical fitness (Mokdad et al. 2004). The studies on health related fitness on non-communicable diseases has been reported widely in all age (Jonker et al. 2006). Numerous healthy benefit can be achieve through engagement of regular and vigorous level exercise that lead to increase physical fitness (Ruiz et al. 2006). There are a lot of studies that has been done, mainly focusing in growing concern on physical fitness component among children in determining harmful effect of unfitness that can lead to adulthood (Dumith et al. 2008). Most of physical fitness that has been diagnosed showed that poor physical fitness level lead to potential strategy in early detecting metabolic disorder (Anderson et al. 2009). Despite of growing concern and its importance to physical health in life, in Malaysia physical fitness study on children is still no well established. According to (Shabeshan, 2006) the prevalence of level physical fitness among school children is not very satisfactory. Furthermore, there a lot of variable associates with physical fitness level, such as cardiovascular, muscular strength/resistance and flexibility. Other association variable, that may contribute in identify factor predicted for fitness level are such anthropometric measurements, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) that associate with muscular strength or resistance (Brunet et al. 2007), and cardiorespiratory fitness (Eisenmann, et al. 2005). 1.2 Problem Statement Low physical fitness among school-going children may decline physiological capability. According to Rowland (1999) deterioration of physiological capability is due to low physical fitness that will lead to decreases in physical function and muscle strength. Furthermore, there was a lack data have been reported on physical fitness level among school-going children, taken into consideration that physical fitness testing, anthropometric and body composition measurement assessment are foundation steps for changing intervention life style or sedentary behavior, this present study is carried out to investigate the association between health related physical fitness with anthropometric indicator and body composition in primary school children in Beruas, Perak. 1.3 Significance of Study It is a well know that there are association between health related fitness with cardiovascular disease, overweight and obese among primary school children. This study will determined to what extend current growth of school growing children respected to their physical fitness. The data being obtained in this study will work as a platform for intervention on healthy life style and increase awareness among parent and teacher. This study is expected to provide a baseline data on physical fitness and other health parameters among school children. Furthermore, teacher, health department, and relevant agencies could develop program and help them making decision for obesity prevention among school children. Objective To determine the anthropometry of the primary school children. To determine body composition of the primary school children. To determine physical fitness level of the primary school children. To determine relationship between anthropometric measurement, body composition with health related physical fitness among school children. 1.5 Hypotheses Ho: there are no significant relationships between anthropometric measurements, body composition to health related physical fitness. Assumption Fitness test instruction were presented in this study to primary school children, therefore each participant understood the instruction. Each participant five full commitment to the fitness measurement. Each participant was involved are free from any injury Each participants guardian understood the research study and give permission to their children in taking part in this research by fill up the inform consent. Limitations The limitations of the study are stated below: Study population Participants were involved in this study came from rural area located in Beruas, Perak. This study not take participant from other area, thus limited geographical presented of the population. Limited time Participant has limited time because they need to participant in education class, thus the test has to be done in one day only. Instrument The skinfold measurement (harpenden) may not accurate as Dual Energy X-ray Absortiometry (DEXA), thus limited study finding. Operational Definition The studys operational definitions are as below: 1.8.4 Flexibility According to William et al. (2003) flexibility is ability of joint to move in full range of motion and allows freedom of movement around the joint. 1.8.5 Muscle strength Muscle strength refer as external forced (work express in newtons, kilograms or pounds) that can be generated by specific muscle or muscle size also been called resistance lift (William et al. 2003). 1.8.6 Body composition Body composition is a distribution of body fat to lean body mass (Pangrazi, 1991). 1.8.7 Obesity Obesity is known as a condition of excess body fat and it is associated with a large number of debilitating and life-threatening disorders, such as major increase in associated cardiovascular, metabolic and other no communicable diseases (Must et al., 1999). 1.8.8 Waist circumferences A waist circumference is measured using nan- elastic tape by placing on the trunk between iliac crest and lower costal margin (NCCFN, 2005). CHAPTER 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Health can be described in variety approach the term itself can be used to describe how a persons feeling, shape or appearance and peoples fitness. However according WHO, (2003), the term health, is not simply the lack of disease or medical condition but it is a state of complete mental, physical, and social well-being or medical condition. Health related fitness is a sub scale of healthy well being the health related fitness major focusing in maintaining human bodys system to endure or to sustain human daily life activity, does not affect surplus fatigue, stress or illness by maintaining basic functioning of bodys system (Brunetto et al. 2009). Furthermore, as humans body can maintaining basic function of bodys system that focusing in health related fitness it can cause or reduce chronic disease such as non-communicable disease and help faster in recovery on what they should occur. According to Jonatan et al. (2006), in order to persuade the healthy development of bodys system, human need to create regular workload demand on their body such as regular exercise, so that humans body can adjusts to the demand workload to perform, and living an active lifestyle. However, if human live as sedentary behavior lifestyles their physical workload may reduce and doing beyond sitting or walking about may become a struggle, moreover body also not functioning effectively as a result may contribute to health conditions. 2.2 Definition of Physical fitness Physical fitness can be defines in many ways, according to Kamil et al. (2012), physical fitness being defines as competence to adjust and recovery from extraneous exercise. Furthermore, physical fitness being defined as a condition that granted human to carry their daily activity without fatigue and have enough energy to enjoy leisure activity (Malina et al. 2004). According to Miller (2006) physical fitness can ne defined in various point view such as, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength or muscular endurance. Other definition for physical fitness is when body function at optimum efficiency thought capacity of the heart, blood vessels, lungs and the muscle (Pate, 1993). All definition above has cover performance related fitness, but according to McGlynn, (1993) health relate fitness is focusing on protection against cardio disease, illness that associate with overweight, a diversity of joint and muscle problem and physiological complication that lead to further stress. Example of components of health related fitness is cardio respiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance and body composition. 2.3 Health related fitness 2.3.1 Cardiovascular fitness Cardiovascular fitness is closely related to ability exercise in prolonged period with involve large and dynamic muscle size and intensity of exercise from moderate to high capacity (ACSM, 2010). Performance of exercise is depending to efficiency of skeletal muscle system, cardiovascular and respiratory state. In order to improve cardiovascular fitness, body must receive sufficient oxygen supply to the working muscle and these will increase necessary enzymes activity for production energy in the working muscle. The general method in increasing or develop cardiorespiratory fitness is by increase intensity, duration and frequency of exercise (William et al. 2003). Example of general exercise for young children to achieve the fitness level is at least 130-150 beats per minutes maintain it for 20 to 30 minutes for optimal benefit. According to ACSM (2010), cardiovascular fitness is health related fitness because decreased in cardiovascular it has been connected with premature death associated to cardio disease. Second reduction of death from various causes has been associated with increased cardio fitness and lastly high physical activity level associated with high cardiovascular fitness in turn has many associations with health benefit. The cardiovascular fitness test is an importance assessment in preventive program 2.3.2 Flexibility According to William et al. (2003) flexibility is ability of joint to move in full range of motion and allows freedom of movement around the joint. In order to have a good health lifestyle, individual need some definite amount of flexibility to cope with their daily life routine. Muscle viscosity, adequate warming up and distensible joint capsule are importance or specific variable that affect flexibility of individual (ACSM, 2010). Furthermore, ligament and tendon also associated with flexibility. Stretching or 10 to 30 second and stretch beyond normal length have been recommended to increase the flexibility. Example of stretch being recommended is static trenching where it allows rapidly increased in strength reflex to a point of discomfort zone. 2.3.3 Muscle strength and muscle endurance Muscle strength refer as external forced (work express in newtons, kilograms or pounds) that can be generated by specific muscle or muscle size also been called resistance lift (William et al. 2003). According to ASCM (2010) strength can be test out using two ways the first method is using static, refer to no movement and muscular and limb movement. Second method is using dynamic refer as muscle change in length caused by external forced. Muscle endurance is ability of muscle group to repeatedly contract over period of time and enough to caused muscular fatigue or ability to maintain specific percentages of muscular contraction (ACSM, 2010). To develop both muscular strength and endurance the basic principle need to be master is overload, progression, specificity and intensity of load (William et al. 2003). Method can be used to develop muscular strength is, exercise at maximum or near maximum resistance and this will lead to physiological adaptation where muscle increased in strength. For muscular endurance development, method can be used is low intensity but with high repetition. 2.3.4 Body composition Body composition is a distribution of body fat to lean body mass (Pangrazi, 1991). The balance proportions of body fat in human body is one factor contribute to individuals fitness level. Essential fat and storage fat are two classification of fat in humans body (Macardle, 1986), where essential fat being stored in the liver , the lungs, kidney, spleen, lipid rich tissues in the central nervous system and intestine muscles. Second the storage fat is being stored in adipose tissue for nutritional and also for internal protection function. According to NIH (1996) stated that excess body fat especially that located surrounding abdominal, will associated with metabolic syndrome, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and coronary artery diseases. Other related illness may contribute caused of excess body fat is problem on muscle and joint where extra weight being stress on these two part, heart disease and high cholesterol. Understanding this problem is essential in order to counter back the problem being faced by many children right now. 2.4 Benefit Health Related Fitness To increased health among school children or youth, component health related fitness play a vital role in improving individual fitness level. If student or youth involved in regular physical activity that involved proper or specific frequency, intensity, time, and duration of exercise they may develop good healthy fitness level. A strength or improve in health fitness will avoid such many chronic diseases or in other word non-communicable diseases. Second by improving health related fitness especially muscular strength and endurance it will help in resistance to fatigue. Thus it also will help increasing in the quality of life and help enjoy leisure activity. Student should be told or expose to the benefit of all packages of health related fitness, most of health problem occur in early part of life. In Malaysia it has being diagnosed, children under 12 years old, being overweight is 12.6% while 13.5% is obese caused of low physical activity that lead to low physical fitness level (Yeevon, 2011). The increasing health problems among children now are very alarming where most of cased will associated with failure metabolic rate and heart disease. The knowledge of health related fitness is very importance for the student to master it for early development health lifestyle, by understanding the importance, student will created attitude to value the fitness and the will knowledge that the fitness need some effort of regular exercise with a correct intensity and this will be the best preventive medicine for their life. 2.5 Current Health related fitness in school children According to Tee, (2012) he stated that, the rate of mortality for local and abroad is very alarming where most of problem associated with cardiovascular death. One conclusion from the local data showed or stated that health related physical fitness among student and adult are not at satisfactory target or level. According to Frederick et al. (2010) electronic devices and automation that came from modern technology has made people less active as a result low physical fitness level among children and adults. Second, current status of Malaysia growings children right now is very alarming where now Malaysia facing double burden problem such as increase in number of overweight and obese children and also increased in number of thinness or in other word undernourished children. The problem should be given full attention because the growing numbers are increase tremendously and Malaysian country is the leading country in Asian pacific in obesity rate (Tummy, 2011). On the other hand, other health problem being faced by the Malaysia country is low bone mass and anemia this due to low body weight. Body images perception being faced by young adult and teenagers lead to eating disorder such as bulimia and anorexia (MASO, 2005). In nut shell it is importance for Malaysia people maintain their health status. Furthermore, available data showed that, the prevalence of obesity among children in Malaysia has equal match on developed country (NCCFN, 2005). Two cross-sectional surveys has being carry out in year 2007 and 2008 (Ismail et al., 2009) on children age 6 until 12 years old in Peninsular Malaysia. The data showed that, increase overweight and obese children from 11.0% to 12.8% and 9.7% to 13.7% respectively (figure 2.1). Figure 2.1: Prevalence overweight and obese in children age 6 to 12 years old in Peninsular Malaysia Waist circumference has strongly associated with abdominal fat (NCCFN, 2005). According to Zhou, (2002) he pointed out, in large epidemiology studies, there are strong significant and independently correlated with dyslipideamia, blood pressure, 2 hours plasma glucose or diabetes. Based on the finding, waist circumference is one major importance test in determining individual at risk of chronic diseases. Being inactive or low physical activity has not only associated with heart illness but many other related illnesses. Diabetes, obesity, failure of metabolic rate is some sort of low physical fitness level. In order to overcome the problem is by increase the awareness among children the benefit having physical fitness level. CHAPTER 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Design The study was a cross sectional study. All subjects male and female were enrolled in physical fitness test. This study tends to investigate the relationship between physical fitness, anthropometric and body composition among obese children. All subjects were recruited voluntarily and with consent from parents/guardian. The subjects were briefed verbally during the meeting. The protocol and potential advantages were explained to the subjects before they were given the consent form filled by their parents or guardian. Approval was obtained from the State Education Department as well as school authority prior to data collection. 3.2 Subject selection Two hundred and eleven subjects were randomly sampled in eight primary schools in Beruas area. Subjects include male and female age 10-11 years old. Multistage sampling technique was used to to select all 211 subjects. The Multistage sampling technique was ensure equal reresentation of the subject. 3.3 Data collection The data collection was carried out in primary schools. Data on anthropometry and body composition was collected before the subjects undergo the fitness tests. Standard fitness measurements were used to assess the fitness tests which were Queens College step test, hand grip test, partial curl-up, and sit-and-reach test. Obtained ethical clearance and approval from Research Management Institute (RMI) and Ministry of education Malaysia Exclusion criteria Has medical condition No approval from parent or guardian Inclusion criteria Male and female Age of 10 and 11 years old Screening and recruitment of the subjects SK Gelung Gajah SK Jenis Kebangsaan Cina Pei Ching SK Kampung Kota SK Gangga Subjects were recruited randomly N=246 Informed written consent was obtained from each subject and parent /guardian Data collection: Anthropometry, body composition, physical activity and fitness tests Statistic was analysis Figure 3.1. Research Approach 3.4 Sampling Calculation A total two hundred and four six subject were enrolled in this study. Sample size is determined using table prevalence population. (Krejce and Margan, 1970). The internal confident is 90 percent (confident level) and population percentages not more than .05. Table 3.1 Determining sample size from given population N S* 480 214 500 217 550 226 Note: N = is population size; S = sample size; *sample size for 90% confident that the difference in the population and p There are 8 primary school located at Beruas perak. The population of all school children in Beruas is about 550 students and based on the determining sample size table, the sample size been required is about 217 subject. In order to avoid drop out the required sample size is being multiple by 10% . The calculation as followed: N = sample size = 226 x 10% (drop out) = 22 subject = 22 + 227 = 248 subject. 3.5 Data Collection 3.5 1 Antropometry measurement Anthropometry which includes body weight and height measurements were used in determining the subjects Body Mass Index (BMI) by dividing the weight (kg) by height (m ²). The height was measured using a body meter, SECA, 208 (Germany) to the nearest 0.5 cm and the weight was measured using a digital weighing scale, Tanita (Japan). Procedures are as below: For measuring height: The equipment was mounted on the wall and the subject was bare footed. Both feet were closed together with the heels in contact with the wall, same as the shoulder, back and the buttocks. With the head facing forward the height of the subjects were then measured. For measuring weight: The body weight was being measured in kilograms to the nearest 0.5 kg using the digital weighing scale with the subjects shoes off and light clothing. Then, they were asked to step onto the equipment and stand straight with both hands placed on their side. The measurement appeared on the screen of equipment and was recorded. Waist circumference With participant standing and arm at the sides. Feet together and abdominal relax, a horizontal measurement is taken at narrowest part of the torso (above the umbilicus and below the xiphoid process) Hip circumference With the subject standing, leg slishtly apart (10 cm), a horizontal measurement is taken at the maximal circumference of the hip/proximal thigh, just below the gluteal fold. http://healthfreedoms.org/files/2012/07/Waist-to-Hip-Ratio-%E2%80%93-How-can-measure-Waist-and-Hip-Ratio.jpg Figure 3.2 Figure of waist and hip circumference measurement 3.6 Waist-to-Hip Ratio Waist-to-hip ratio compares circumferences of the waist to the circumference of the hip. WHR was expressed as a ratio, using the formula: WHR = Hip Circumference à · Waist Circumference Where: WHR = waist-to-hip ratio WC = waist circumference HC = hip circumference 3.6 Body Mass Index Measurement (BMI) The BMI (kg/m2) value of body mass index was calculated using WHO, (2007). It was used to analyze and differentiate subjects according to the underweight, normal, overweight and obese category. Table 3.2 Classification of Body Mass Index (kg/m ²) for male by age Age Underweight Normal weight Overweight Obese 10 17.1 18.5 18.6 21.5 > 21.5 11 17.1 19 19.1 22.5 > 22.5 Note. From World health organization, (2007). Retrieved September 20, 2012, from:  http://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/index.html Table 3.3 Classification of Body Mass Index (kg/m ²) for female Age Underweight Normal weight Overweight Obese 10 16.6 19 19.1 22.5 > 22.5 11 17.4 19.9 20 23.7 > 23.7 Note. From World health organization, (2007). Retrieved September 20, 2012, from:  http://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/index.html 3.7 Skinfold Measurement Skinfold measurement was made on the right side of the body with subject standing upright. The clipper was placed directly on the skin surface, 1 cm away from the thumb and finger, perpendicular to the skinfold, and halfway between the crest and the base of the fold. A pinch was maintained while reading the clipper. Wait 1 to 2 second (not longer) before reading caliper. Take duplicate measurement at each site, and retest if duplication measurement are not within 1 to 2 mm. Rotate through measurement sites to regain normal texture and thickness calculation based on ACSM (2010), 4 site formula (triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac). Instrument: Skinfol clipper: SFCH80 Harpenden UK range 80mm Procedures are as below: Triceps: vertical fold: on the posterior midline of the upper arms, halfway between the acromion and olecranon processes, with the arms held freely to the side of the body. Biceps: vertical fold: on the anterior aspects of the arms over the belly of the biceps muscle, 1 cm above the level used to mark the triceps site. Subscapula: diagonal fold (at a 45-degree angle); 1 to 2 cm below the inferior angle axillary line immediately superior to the iliac crest. Suprailiac: diagonal fold; in line with the natural angle of the iliac crest taken in the anterior axillary line immediately superior to the iliac crest. Calculation: Equation developed by Durnin and Rahama (1967) to predict percentage total body fat (%TBF) as follows: Formula density: Equation for boy = 1.1533 0.0643 (x) Equation for girl = 1.1549 0.0678 (x) (x) = log of sum of skinfold at 4 sites (triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac) Formula total body fat (TBF%) = (4.95 / Dencity 4.5) x 100 3.8 Body fat percentage The body fat percentage was taken using Bio-impedance Analyzer, Karada (810), (Omron, Japan). It measures the body fat percentage in relation to lean body mass. A normal balance of body fat to lean body mass is associated with good health and longevity. Procedures are explained as below; In straight standing position, subjects were to hold the equipment, grab the handle, and with the hand extend 90 ° from their body. Measurement was appeared on the screen of equipment and was recorded. Physical Fitness Test Queen college step test (cardiovascular) The Queen College Step test had been used to measure the cardio respiratory or aerobic fitness. According to Bolboli et al. (2008), it was quoted to predict maximum oxygen consumption and the reliability of the 3-minute step test was investigated with a specific rhythm. The procedures suggested are explained as below: Subject was ask to step up and down on the step box height 30.5 cm at 24 cycles (up-up-down-down) a minute (metronome setting of 96) for 3 minutes. Immediately after 3 minutes of stepping, the subjects were required to sit down. A 60 second heart rate will be taken starting 5 seconds after the completion of stepping. If the subject does not complete the test, they have to restart again. The subject score is total 60 second pulse rate following 3 minutes of stepping. Table 3.4 Queen Step test norms Score Age 5 4 3 2 1 Male 10 71 92 93 113 118 142 >143 11 76 99 100 124 125 148 >150 12 24 -34 12 23 1 11 >0 Female 10 74 95 96 123 125 148 >150 11 83 99 100 -129 130 153 >154 12 78 107 108 137 138 167 >168 Note. From Measurement by the physical educator: Why and how (5th ed), by David K. Miller, 2006, Boston: McGraw-Hill Humanities Social. Copyright 2006 by David K. Miller. Adapted with permission. 3.9.2 Hand Grip Test (upper body Strength) A muscular strength refer to the external force that can be generate by a specific muscle group and it can be express either statically or dynamically and isometric strength can be measured using hand grip dynamometer (ACSM, 2010). The hand grip test was measured using Digital Hand Grip Dynamometer (Takei A5401). Procedures are explained as below; A maximum voluntary grip is performed on a pair of short parallel bars held between the flexed fingers and the palm, with counter-pressure being applied by the thumb. The subject is verbally encouraged to produce a maximum effort by squeezing the bars as hard as possible and maintaining the maximal effort for 2-3 seconds. Reset the dynamometer to zero before use. Adjust the handgrip dynamometer to fit the size of the subjects hand. The distance between the base and the handle of the dynamometer should approximate the distance between the base of the thumb and the base of the first digit. The subject stands with the heels, buttocks and back resting against a wall. Set the pointer reading to zero. Have the subject grip the dynamometer closely to their side of the body. When ready the subject grips as hard as possible to the count of three. Record the score in the data entry screen and repeat for the other hand (Clerke, 2005). Table 3.5. Norms for hand grip test Male Female Age Wea

F. Scott Fitzgerald :: essays research papers

F. Scott Fitzgerald Francis Scott Fitzgerald's life is an example of both sides of the American Dream, the joys of young love, wealth and success, and the tragedies associated with success and failure. Named for another famous American, a distant cousin who authored the Star Spangled Banner, Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul Minnesota on September 24, 1896. The son of a wicker furniture salesman (Edward Fitzgerald) and an Irish immigrant with a lot of money (Mary McQuillan), Fitzgerald grew up in a Catholic and upper middle class environment. Fitzgerald started writing at an early age. His high school newspaper published his detective stories, encouraging him to pursue writing more than academics. He dropped out of Princeton University to join the army and continued to pursue his obsession. At 21 years of age, he submitted his first novel for publication and Charles Scribner's Sons rejected it, but with words of encouragement. Beginning a pattern of constant revising that would characterize his writing style for the rest of his career. The U.S. army, stationed him near Montgomery, Alabama in 1918, where he met and fell in love with Zelda Sayre. Three years into marriage, after the birth of their first and only child, Scottie, Fitzgerald completed his best-known work: "The Great Gatsby." The extravagant living made possible by such success, however, took its toll. Constantly living at various times in several different cities in Italy, France, Switzerland, and eight of the United States, the Fitzgeralds tried hard to escape from or do something about Scott's alcoholism and Zelda's mental illness. Zelda suffered several breakdowns in both her physical and mental health, and sought treatment in and out of clinics from 1930 until her death. Things were looking up for Fitzgerald near the end of his life - he won a contract in 1937 to write for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in Hollywood and fell in love with Sheilah Graham, a movie columnist.